Aus WDR Reisen wurde ARD Reisen: hier findest du Inspiration für deinen nächsten Urlaub! Von Camping über Städtetrips bis zu Roadtrips durch Deutschland, Eur...Willkommen auf dem YouTube-Kanal von WDR aktuell. Hier findet Ihr täglich neue Nachrichten und Hintergrund-Berichte - vor allem zu politischen und gesellscha...World Drug Report 2023. For the first time since its conception, this year the World Drug Report consists of two products, a web-based element and a set of booklets. The latest global, regional and subregional estimates of and trends in drug demand and supply are presented in a user-friendly, interactive online segment . While Special points of ... True/Optical WDR is better because optical WDR also includes digital WDR - with True WDR you get both software and hardware improvements. Optical / True WDR ranges in quality. It is measured by a dB rating, with higher dB ratings being better. True WDR uses hardware to improve the image that is captured and then uses software to clean up the ... WDR Fernsehen. WDR Fernsehen is a German free-to-air television network owned and operated by Westdeutscher Rundfunk and serving North Rhine-Westphalia. It is one of the seven regional "third programmes" television stations that are offered within the federal ARD network. Wide Dynamic Range (WDR) es una característica avanzada de algunos modelos de cámara que les permite manejar de una forma mejorada distintas condiciones de luminosidad en una misma escena. Este busca combinar los espacios de luces brillantes con los espacios de sombras que hay en una misma toma, para crear un equilibrio en la imagen final.Water Damage and Roofing of Austin (WDR) did a full roof replacement in only 2 days over the 4th of July due to hail damage. Crew boss ran a tight ship and they were very organized and efficient. They covered the pool and sensitive areas against the house. Equally as important is that their nail and pool cleanup efforts were excellent! WDR Köln. WDR Fernsehen rund um die Uhr, 24 Stunden live. Aus rechtlichen Gründen kann es vorkommen, dass einzelne Sendungen nur in Deutschland gestreamt werden dürfen und einzelne Inhalte aus ...With the WDR 4 app you always have your favorite radio station with you, wherever you are. Listen to the WDR 4 favorite hits when and where it suits you - as a live stream or on demand. The app is your direct line to the WDR 4 studio. Thanks to the weather, traffic and news reports, you are always well informed about your region in North Rhine ...In collaboration with WDR, I'm here to present to all of you for how you can set yourself up to participate in their Discord. Hopefully, this guide is useful...Willkommen auf dem YouTube-Kanal von WDR aktuell. Hier findet Ihr täglich neue Nachrichten und Hintergrund-Berichte - vor allem zu politischen und gesellscha...Jul 8, 2021 · Aug 2, 2021. #12. SuperCurro said: I have tested WDR, and I think this camera doesn't have WDR, it is just a particular adjustment of the shadows. So basically if you want a flatter image just turn on WDR and drop EV to -0.6 and then you will have a flat image witout burning the highlights (-0.6 EV) and just bring up the shadows. Cranioectodermal dysplasia. At least two mutations in the WDR19 gene have been found in individuals with cranioectodermal dysplasia. This condition is characterized by an elongated head (dolichocephaly) with a prominent forehead and other distinctive facial features; short bones; and abnormalities of certain tissues known as ectodermal tissues, which include the teeth, hair, nails, and skin.March Networks’ cameras with digital WDR use advanced algorithms to lighten or darken a single exposure. Although this kind of digital WDR process can help improve image quality in dynamic lighting conditions, an HDR camera can better illuminate darker parts of a scene without overexposing lighter areas. It also won’t create noise or ...World Drug Report 2023. For the first time since its conception, this year the World Drug Report consists of two products, a web-based element and a set of booklets. The latest global, regional and subregional estimates of and trends in drug demand and supply are presented in a user-friendly, interactive online segment . While Special points of ... WDR. Wireless Digital Remote. Miscellaneous » Unclassified. Rate it: WDR. World Day of Rememberance for Road Traffic Victims. Miscellaneous » Automotive. Rate it: WDR. WDR is listed in the World's most authoritative dictionary of abbreviations and acronyms. WDR - What does WDR stand for? The Free Dictionary. https://acronyms ...The WDR Big Band Cologne serves as a group of musical ambassadors, promoting culture to audiences around the world by performing jazz and jazz-related music. Grammy awards in 2006 and 2007 and numerous Grammy nominations over the years reflect the band’s international acclaim, which continually evolves and strengthens.6月 3, 2020. WDR とは何ですか? 最高の瞬間に、見事なアクション。. だけど、光の加減がイマイチ。. 誰にでも経験があるこの問題を解決します。. 写真のワイド ダイナミック レンジ (WDR) 機能を有効にすると、画像全体の露出を改善できます。. 暗がりの中でも ... About. The World Development Report 2018 (WDR 2018)—LEARNING to Realize Education’s Promise—is the first ever devoted entirely to education. And the timing is excellent: education has long been critical to human welfare, but it is even more so in a time of rapid economic and social change. The best way to equip children and youth for the ... Mar 19, 2022 · HDR and WDR: Enhanced imagery, enhanced processes. Security cameras with High Dynamic Range (HDR) and Wide Dynamic Range (WDR) capabilities have better overall dynamic ranges when compared to SDR hardware. This is because of additional hardware and software features that allow the camera to overcome troubled lighting conditions. Austin Roofing & Water Damage | WDR is located at 9711 Beck Cir, Austin, TX. From Austin-Bergstrom International Airport (AUS), head southwest on Presidential Blvd toward Service Dr. Then slightly right onto Service Dr, turn right onto Hotel Dr. Next turn right onto Spirit of Texas Dr, and turn left to merge onto State Hwy 71 W.@inproceedings{hu2021wdrpose, title={Wide-Depth-Range 6D Object Pose Estimation in Space}, author={Yinlin Hu and S\'ebastien Speierer and Wenzel Jakob and Pascal Fua and Mathieu Salzmann}, booktitle={CVPR}, year={2021} } @inproceedings{hu2020singlestagepose, title={Single-Stage 6D Object Pose Estimation}, author={Yinlin Hu and Pascal Fua and Wei Wang and Mathieu Salzmann}, booktitle={CVPR ...What is wide dynamic range? Dynamic Range is the difference in light levels in an image, between the darkest and the brightest areas. On an overcast day with little sun and few shadows, there will be a fairly low dynamic range, i.e. there will be no areas of deep black and no extreme bright spots. On a sunny day, however, in a scene with ...In WDR Klassik finden Sie Konzerte und Werkeinführungen aus der Welt der klassischen Musik, Symphonic Crossover, Chorgesang und Konzerte für Kinder - produz...6月 3, 2020. WDR とは何ですか? 最高の瞬間に、見事なアクション。. だけど、光の加減がイマイチ。. 誰にでも経験があるこの問題を解決します。. 写真のワイド ダイナミック レンジ (WDR) 機能を有効にすると、画像全体の露出を改善できます。. 暗がりの中でも ... A point-mutated WDR-48 variant that disrupts binding to USP-46 was unable to promote USP-46 abundance in vivo Finally, siRNA-mediated knockdown of wdr48 destabilizes USP46 in mammalian cells. Together, these results support a model in which WDR-48 binds and stabilizes USP-46 protein levels by preventing the ubiquitination and degradation of USP ...What does WDR abbreviation stand for? List of 85 best WDR meaning forms based on popularity. Most common WDR abbreviation full forms updated in August 2023Willkommen auf dem WDR-YouTube-Kanal! Hier findet Ihr Ausschnitte aus WDR-Sendungen und -Sendereihen.Netiquette für den WDR YouTube-Kanal:Wir freuen uns über... WDR Pro II is a further improvement, capturing four images simultaneously for even more precisely optimized video. With extensive experience in developing WDR technologies and a comprehensive range of offerings, VIVOTEK is an industry leader in ensuring video quality in security application environments with challenging high-contrast lighting ... Qué significan las funciones WDR y DWDR en CCTV. La función Wide Dynamic Range (WDR) y Digital Wide Dynamic Range (DWDR) se encargan de medir, compensar y ajustar la luz en la imagen que va a grabar una cámara de CCTV. El uso de cámaras con WDR o DWDR, resulta la solución ideal para espacios que requieren un monitoreo (en video) de alta ...6月 3, 2020. WDR とは何ですか? 最高の瞬間に、見事なアクション。. だけど、光の加減がイマイチ。. 誰にでも経験があるこの問題を解決します。. 写真のワイド ダイナミック レンジ (WDR) 機能を有効にすると、画像全体の露出を改善できます。. 暗がりの中でも ...The benefit of WDR in this case is to get a better view of the display cases. In our testing, WDR generally delivers its maximum benefit when the variation of light is extreme and there is a single bright/ hot area, like so: In your case, the light variance is nowhere near as extreme and is alternating.WDR stands for Wide Dynamic Range, is a technology used on video cameras to compensate problems with light exposure. It can work on the dark and bright areas on the image and create a balance to improve the overall image quality. ==> In this article, I explain the WDR technology based on the camera shutter speed control concept. Epigenetic mechanisms are now recognized as being central to the etiology of many cancers 29, 30 and proteins involved in chromatin mediated signaling are a promising target class for cancer therapy 31, 32. At least 15 WDR proteins are components of chromatin complexes ( Fig. 2 ), and some may be valid drug targets. World Drug Report 2023. For the first time since its conception, this year the World Drug Report consists of two products, a web-based element and a set of booklets. The latest global, regional and subregional estimates of and trends in drug demand and supply are presented in a user-friendly, interactive online segment . While Special points of ... WDR is listed in the World's most authoritative dictionary of abbreviations and acronyms. WDR - What does WDR stand for? The Free Dictionary. https://acronyms ...Oct 9, 2018 · hey I know the / wdr command but often I have doubts about how to use it to make sure that the command is useful and clear to watchdog. for example, when I play some games, and I get the feeling that an opponent is cheating, the / wdr and spam all the hack names I know xD maybe I realize that... Aug 14, 2020 · A point-mutated WDR-48 variant that disrupts binding to USP-46 was unable to promote USP-46 abundance in vivo Finally, siRNA-mediated knockdown of wdr48 destabilizes USP46 in mammalian cells. Together, these results support a model in which WDR-48 binds and stabilizes USP-46 protein levels by preventing the ubiquitination and degradation of USP ... Qué significan las funciones WDR y DWDR en CCTV. La función Wide Dynamic Range (WDR) y Digital Wide Dynamic Range (DWDR) se encargan de medir, compensar y ajustar la luz en la imagen que va a grabar una cámara de CCTV. El uso de cámaras con WDR o DWDR, resulta la solución ideal para espacios que requieren un monitoreo (en video) de alta ... Willkommen auf dem YouTube-Kanal von WDR aktuell. Hier findet Ihr täglich neue Nachrichten und Hintergrund-Berichte - vor allem zu politischen und gesellscha...Willkommen auf dem WDR-YouTube-Kanal! Hier findet Ihr Ausschnitte aus WDR-Sendungen und -Sendereihen. Netiquette für den WDR YouTube-Kanal: Wir freuen uns über Eure Kommentare, Anregungen und ...Willkommen auf dem YouTube-Kanal von WDR aktuell. Hier findet Ihr täglich neue Nachrichten und Hintergrund-Berichte - vor allem zu politischen und gesellscha... Epigenetic mechanisms are now recognized as being central to the etiology of many cancers 29, 30 and proteins involved in chromatin mediated signaling are a promising target class for cancer therapy 31, 32. At least 15 WDR proteins are components of chromatin complexes ( Fig. 2 ), and some may be valid drug targets. And conflicts among large countries could lead to a retrenchment or a segmentation of GVCs. The World Development Report (WDR) 2020: Trading for Development in the Age of Global Value Chains examines whether there is still a path to development through GVCs and trade. It concludes that technological change is at this stage more a boon than a curse. And conflicts among large countries could lead to a retrenchment or a segmentation of GVCs. The World Development Report (WDR) 2020: Trading for Development in the Age of Global Value Chains examines whether there is still a path to development through GVCs and trade. It concludes that technological change is at this stage more a boon than a curse. Jul 8, 2021 · Aug 2, 2021. #12. SuperCurro said: I have tested WDR, and I think this camera doesn't have WDR, it is just a particular adjustment of the shadows. So basically if you want a flatter image just turn on WDR and drop EV to -0.6 and then you will have a flat image witout burning the highlights (-0.6 EV) and just bring up the shadows. And conflicts among large countries could lead to a retrenchment or a segmentation of GVCs. The World Development Report (WDR) 2020: Trading for Development in the Age of Global Value Chains examines whether there is still a path to development through GVCs and trade. It concludes that technological change is at this stage more a boon than a curse.Aus WDR Reisen wurde ARD Reisen: hier findest du Inspiration für deinen nächsten Urlaub! Von Camping über Städtetrips bis zu Roadtrips durch Deutschland, Eur...WDR : 24.98 (-0.04%) Waddell & Reed Financial, Inc. Announces February 28, 2021 Assets Under Management Business Wire - Wed Mar 10, 2021. Waddell & Reed Financial, Inc. (NYSE: WDR) today reported preliminary assets under management of $75.5 billion for the month ended February 28, 2021, compared to $74.3 billion on January 31, 2021.A high-level overview of Waddell & Reed Financial, Inc. (WDR) stock. Stay up to date on the latest stock price, chart, news, analysis, fundamentals, trading and investment tools.Aktuelle Nachrichten, Nordrhein-Westfalen (NRW). Video- und Audio-Beiträge in der WDR-Mediathek, Hintergrund-Berichte und Interviews aus den Bereichen News, Sport, Wissen, Verbraucher, Kultur und ... Epigenetic mechanisms are now recognized as being central to the etiology of many cancers 29, 30 and proteins involved in chromatin mediated signaling are a promising target class for cancer therapy 31, 32. At least 15 WDR proteins are components of chromatin complexes ( Fig. 2 ), and some may be valid drug targets. Most Popular Security Camera Technologies: WDR, DNR, Smart IR, ONVIF, PoE. WDR (Wide Dynamic Range)* WDR imaging is a method used to produce images that try to recreate the full-scene content in scenes that have a dynamic range that cannot be captured by standard cameras in one image. Benefits of WDR: Images with exceptional clarity and sharpness.WDR stands for Wide Dynamic Range (WDR). There could be situations when the CCTV could be subject to a wide range of light levels. For example: a CCTV mounted inside a building looking at the building entrance – daylight outside and ambient lighting inside. To compensate for this “wide range of lighting levels”, WDR is an awesome feature. What does WDR abbreviation stand for? List of 85 best WDR meaning forms based on popularity. Most common WDR abbreviation full forms updated in August 2023 About. The World Development Report (WDR) 2019: The Changing Nature of Work studies how the nature of work is changing as a result of advances in technology today. Fears that robots will take away jobs from people have dominated the discussion over the future of work, but the World Development Report 2019 finds that on balance this appears to ...WDR - Das Fernsehangebot des Westdeutschen Rundfunks - Startseite Fernsehen - Fernsehen - WDR. 13.00 - 13.50 Uhr Seehund, Puma & Co. Fleischrolle Zoogeschichten von der Küste. Nächste Sendung ...WDR. Wireless Digital Remote. Miscellaneous » Unclassified. Rate it: WDR. World Day of Rememberance for Road Traffic Victims. Miscellaneous » Automotive. Rate it: WDR. Mar 9, 2019 · A high-level overview of Waddell & Reed Financial, Inc. (WDR) stock. Stay up to date on the latest stock price, chart, news, analysis, fundamentals, trading and investment tools. The Weatherization Deferral Repair (WDR) program funds repairs that have caused homes (or units in multifamily buildings) to be deferred from the Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP). Once the needed repairs are made using the WDR funds and the home is “weatherization-ready,” clients can then receive energy efficiency and health and ...hey I know the / wdr command but often I have doubts about how to use it to make sure that the command is useful and clear to watchdog. for example, when I play some games, and I get the feeling that an opponent is cheating, the / wdr and spam all the hack names I know xD maybe I realize that...On 6 June 1994, WDR launched a new logo consisting of a blue rectangle with a piece missing in its bottom-right corner and the WDR wordmark appearing to the left. In 2003, the ARD symbol was added to the right of the logo. In April 2012, WDR announced a corporate pre-design which will be applied step by step to fully replace the previous design by 2014; the new logo was launched on 19 April in ...Vor 72 Jahren wurde das deutsche Konzentrationslager "Auschwitz-Birkenau" befreit. Wir erzählen die Geschichten von drei überlebenden Frauen: Anita Lasker-Wa...May 17, 2023 · WDR – Dynamic Contrast. WDR mode is a technology that extends the camera’s range, to cover a greater span between the bright and the dark areas in the image. There are several ways to increase the dynamic range, and many solutions are used in combination to achieve the best result. The simplest method of combatting WDR is what Axis calls ... 222K Followers, 219 Following, 2,362 Posts - See Instagram photos and videos from WDR (@wdr)In WDR Klassik finden Sie Konzerte und Werkeinführungen aus der Welt der klassischen Musik, Symphonic Crossover, Chorgesang und Konzerte für Kinder - produz...Gefühlvoll, herzlich und noch näher dran: Feuer & Flamme startet mit Staffel 5 am 17. Januar 2022 um 20.15 Uhr im WDR Fernsehen. Online first sind die neuen ...What is wide dynamic range? Dynamic Range is the difference in light levels in an image, between the darkest and the brightest areas. On an overcast day with little sun and few shadows, there will be a fairly low dynamic range, i.e. there will be no areas of deep black and no extreme bright spots. On a sunny day, however, in a scene with ... Epigenetic mechanisms are now recognized as being central to the etiology of many cancers 29, 30 and proteins involved in chromatin mediated signaling are a promising target class for cancer therapy 31, 32. At least 15 WDR proteins are components of chromatin complexes ( Fig. 2 ), and some may be valid drug targets. Consisting of five separate booklets, the World Drug Report 2021 provides an in-depth analysis of the global drug markets and paints a comprehensive picture of the measurable effects and potential impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the world drug problem. The World Drug Report 2021 is aimed not only at fostering greater international cooperation ... Wide Dynamic Range (WDR) es una característica avanzada de algunos modelos de cámara que les permite manejar de una forma mejorada distintas condiciones de luminosidad en una misma escena. Este busca combinar los espacios de luces brillantes con los espacios de sombras que hay en una misma toma, para crear un equilibrio en la imagen final.WDR. Wireless Digital Remote. Miscellaneous » Unclassified. Rate it: WDR. World Day of Rememberance for Road Traffic Victims. Miscellaneous » Automotive. Rate it: WDR. WDR stands for Wide Dynamic Range, is a technology used on video cameras to compensate problems with light exposure. It can work on the dark and bright areas on the image and create a balance to improve the overall image quality. ==> In this article, I explain the WDR technology based on the camera shutter speed control concept. Austin Roofing & Water Damage | WDR is located at 9711 Beck Cir, Austin, TX. From Austin-Bergstrom International Airport (AUS), head southwest on Presidential Blvd toward Service Dr. Then slightly right onto Service Dr, turn right onto Hotel Dr. Next turn right onto Spirit of Texas Dr, and turn left to merge onto State Hwy 71 W.2) D&N 600TVL has no function. So, OSD Menu for WDR Camera, may be different with D&N no WDR Camera. Page 10 If you set the VPS (Virtual Progressive Scan) option, the camera will display the image in progressive format. Page 11 NOTE: 1) WDR is the main exclusive function for WDR 600TVL Series Camera. 2) D&N 600TVL has no function.Today’s unprecedented growth of data and their ubiquity in our lives are signs that the data revolution is transforming the world. And yet much of the value of data remains untapped. Data collected for one purpose have the potential to generate economic and social value in applications far beyond ...Qué significan las funciones WDR y DWDR en CCTV. La función Wide Dynamic Range (WDR) y Digital Wide Dynamic Range (DWDR) se encargan de medir, compensar y ajustar la luz en la imagen que va a grabar una cámara de CCTV. El uso de cámaras con WDR o DWDR, resulta la solución ideal para espacios que requieren un monitoreo (en video) de alta ...WDR takes a low light optimized and a high light optimized image and then stitches the two shots into one image to prevent shadows from being too dark. When describing the WDR, the industry standard is to label the feature as digital or True/Optical. The industry-standard way of describing WDR is to state whether it is digital or True/Optical.Auf dem WDR Doku Kanal findet ihr Dokumentationen und Reportagen des WDR. Netiquette für WDR Doku: Wir wünschen uns eine Community mit Spaß und Freude an der Diskussion über die Inhalte des ...World Drug Report 2023. For the first time since its conception, this year the World Drug Report consists of two products, a web-based element and a set of booklets. The latest global, regional and subregional estimates of and trends in drug demand and supply are presented in a user-friendly, interactive online segment . While Special points of ...Willkommen auf dem WDR-YouTube-Kanal! Hier findet Ihr Ausschnitte aus WDR-Sendungen und -Sendereihen. Netiquette für den WDR YouTube-Kanal: Wir freuen uns über Eure Kommentare, Anregungen und ... Listen to WDR 4 internet radio online. Access the free radio live stream and discover more online radio and radio fm stations at a glance. Most Popular Security Camera Technologies: WDR, DNR, Smart IR, ONVIF, PoE. WDR (Wide Dynamic Range)* WDR imaging is a method used to produce images that try to recreate the full-scene content in scenes that have a dynamic range that cannot be captured by standard cameras in one image. Benefits of WDR: Images with exceptional clarity and sharpness.WDR Pro II is a further improvement, capturing four images simultaneously for even more precisely optimized video. With extensive experience in developing WDR technologies and a comprehensive range of offerings, VIVOTEK is an industry leader in ensuring video quality in security application environments with challenging high-contrast lighting ... WDR 2022 Chapter 1. Introduction. Chapter 1. The economic impacts of the COVID-19 crisis. The COVID-19 pandemic sent shock waves through the world economy and triggered the largest global economic crisis in more than a century. The crisis led to a dramatic increase in inequality within and across countries. Preliminary evidence suggests that ...Most Popular Security Camera Technologies: WDR, DNR, Smart IR, ONVIF, PoE. WDR (Wide Dynamic Range)* WDR imaging is a method used to produce images that try to recreate the full-scene content in scenes that have a dynamic range that cannot be captured by standard cameras in one image. Benefits of WDR: Images with exceptional clarity and sharpness.Aug 2, 2021. #12. SuperCurro said: I have tested WDR, and I think this camera doesn't have WDR, it is just a particular adjustment of the shadows. So basically if you want a flatter image just turn on WDR and drop EV to -0.6 and then you will have a flat image witout burning the highlights (-0.6 EV) and just bring up the shadows.Water Damage and Roofing of Austin (WDR) did a full roof replacement in only 2 days over the 4th of July due to hail damage. Crew boss ran a tight ship and they were very organized and efficient. They covered the pool and sensitive areas against the house. Equally as important is that their nail and pool cleanup efforts were excellent!On 6 June 1994, WDR launched a new logo consisting of a blue rectangle with a piece missing in its bottom-right corner and the WDR wordmark appearing to the left. In 2003, the ARD symbol was added to the right of the logo. In April 2012, WDR announced a corporate pre-design which will be applied step by step to fully replace the previous design by 2014; the new logo was launched on 19 April in ... ケルンWDR交響楽団（ドイツ語: WDR Sinfonieorchester Köln ）は、ドイツ連邦共和国 ノルトライン＝ヴェストファーレン州 ケルン市に本拠を置く西部ドイツ放送（WDR）所属の放送オーケストラ。旧称のケルン放送交響楽団（ Kölner Rundfunk-Sinfonie-Orchester ）でも呼ば ...WDR - Das Fernsehangebot des Westdeutschen Rundfunks - Startseite Fernsehen - Fernsehen - WDR. 13.00 - 13.50 Uhr Seehund, Puma & Co. Fleischrolle Zoogeschichten von der Küste. Nächste Sendung .... WDR Pro II is a further improvement, capturing fo6月 3, 2020. WDR とは何ですか? 最高の瞬間に、見事なアクション。. だけど、光の加 Aus WDR Reisen wurde ARD Reisen: hier findest du Inspiration für deinen nächsten Urlaub! Von Camping über Städtetrips bis zu Roadtrips durch Deutschland, Eur... Willkommen auf dem WDR-YouTube-Kanal! Hier findet Ihr Ausschnitte aus WDR-Sendungen und -Sendereihen.Netiquette für den WDR YouTube-Kanal:Wir freuen uns über... A common solution is to use multiple exposure and combine them. This Aktuelle Nachrichten, Nordrhein-Westfalen (NRW). Video- und Audio-Beiträge in der WDR-Mediathek, Hintergrund-Berichte und Interviews aus den Bereichen News, Sport, Wissen, Verbraucher, Kultur und ...4.00% 3 month interest rate with 1.19% APY. With $25,000 new money and minimum balance. Open Platinum Savings by 9/26/2023. Learn more. Nov 22, 2021 · WDR, short for Wide Dynam...
Continue Reading